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| NASDAQ | |
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| Type | Stock exchange |
| Location | New York City, United States |
| Owner | The NASDAQ OMX Group |
| Key people | Robert Greifeld (CEO) H. Furlong Baldwin (Chairman) |
| Currency | USD |
| No. of listings | 3,200 |
| Indexes | NASDAQ Composite NASDAQ-100 NASDAQ Biotechnology Index |
| Website | www.nasdaqomx.com |
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The NASDAQ (acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotient) is an American stock exchange. It is the largest electronic screen-based equity securities trading market in the United States. With approximately 3,200 companies, it lists more companies and on average trades more shares per day than any other U.S. market.NASDAQ Performance Report. NASDAQ Newsroom. The Nasdaq Stock Market (2007-01-12). Retrieved on 2007-02-15.
It was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), who divested themselves of it in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001. It is owned and operated by the NASDAQ OMX Group, the stock of which was listed on its own stock exchange in 2002, and is monitored by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
With the completed purchase of the Nordic-based operated exchange OMX, following its agreement with Borse Dubai, NASDAQ is poised to capture 67% of the controlling stake in the aforementioned exchange, thereby inching ever closer to taking over the company and creating a trans-atlantic powerhouse.Dubai looking to crash Nasdaq OMX deal: paper. Reuters (2007-05-27). Retrieved on 2007-10-29. Nasdaq-OMX group as it\'s now known now controls and operates the NASDAQ stock market in NYC, which is the second largest in the US; in addition, it now operates eight stock exchanges in Europe and also holds 33.3% of the Dubai Stock Exchange. It has a double-listing agreement with OMX, which will render it more effective than the NYSE-Euronext group in attracting new listings.
When the NASDAQ stock exchange began trading on February 8, 1971, the NASDAQ was the world\'s first electronic stock market. At first, it was merely a computer bulletin board system and did not actually connect buyers and sellers. The NASDAQ helped lower the spread (the difference between the bid price and the ask price of the stock) but somewhat paradoxically was unpopular among brokerages because they made much of their money on the spread into New england.
NASDAQ was the successor to the over-the-counter (OTC) and the "Curb Exchange" systems of trading. As late as 1987, the NASDAQ exchange was still commonly referred to as the OTC in media and also in the monthly Stock Guides issued by Standard & Poor\'s Corporation.Standard & Poor\'s Corporation, Stock Guide, Year End 1987 issue
Over the years, NASDAQ became more of a stock market by adding trade and volume reporting and automated trading systems. NASDAQ was also the first stock market in the United States to advertise to the general public, highlighting NASDAQ-traded companies (usually in technology) and closing with the declaration that NASDAQ is "the stock market for the next hundred years." Its main index is the NASDAQ Composite, which has been published since its inception. However, its exchange-traded fund tracks the large-cap NASDAQ 100 index, which was introduced in 1985 alongside the NASDAQ 100 Financial Index.
Until 1987, most trading occurred via the telephone, but during the October 1987 stock market crash, market makers often didn\'t answer their phones. To counteract this, the Small Order Execution System (SOES) was established, which provides an electronic method for dealers to enter their trades. NASDAQ requires market makers to honor trades over SOES.Wells, Rob. "\'Market for Next 100 Years\' is 25", Associated Press.
In 1992, it joined with the London Stock Exchange to form the first intercontinental linkage of securities markets. NASDAQ\'s 1998 merger with the American Stock Exchange formed the NASDAQ-Amex Market Group, and by the beginning of the 21st century it had become the largest electronic stock market (in terms of both dollar value and share volume) in the United States. NASD spun off NASDAQ in 2000 to form a publicly traded company, the NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc.History of the NASDAQ and American Stock Exchanges. The Library of Congress: Business Reference Services (September 2006).
On November 8, 2007, NASDAQ bought the Philadelphia Stock Exchange(PHLX) for US$652,000,000. PHLX is the oldest stock exchange in America—having been in operation since 1790.James Quinn. "Nasdaq to buy Philadelphia Stock", London Telegraph, 2007-11-08.
NASDAQ lists approximately 3,200 securities, of which 335 are non-U.S. companies from 35 countries representing all industry sectors.NASDAQ Facts NASDAQ To qualify for listing on the exchange, a company must be registered with the SEC, have at least three market makers (financial firms that act as brokers or dealers for specific securities), and meet minimum requirements for assets, capital, public shares, and shareholders.Listing On NASDAQ NASDAQ NasdaqOMX now has a dual listing agreement with the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.
NASDAQ allows multiple market participants to trade through its Electronic Communication Networks (ECNs) structure, increasing competition. The Small Order Execution System (SOES) is another NASDAQ feature, introduced in 1987, to ensure that in \'turbulent\' market conditions small market orders are not forgotten but are automatically processed. With approximately 3,200 companies, it lists more companies and, on average, its systems trade more shares per day than any other stock exchange in the world. NASDAQ will follow the New York Stock Exchange in halting domestic trading in the event of a sharp and sudden decline of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.Circuit Breaker Trigger Points and Trade Halt Durations. nasdaqtrader.com.
As of March 1, 2007, accounts for about 14-15% of the shares traded. For Tape C securities, it accounts for approximately 45-98% of the trading volume.Market Volume Summary. batstrading.com.
NASDAQ has a sliding fee system that offers lower liquidity removal fees and more favorable added-liquidity rebates based on how much trading volume the market participant executes on the NASDAQ system.
NASDAQ quotes are available at three levels. Level I shows the highest bid and lowest offer — the inside quote. Level II shows all public quotes of market makers together with information of market makers wishing to sell or buy stock and recently executed orders. Level III is used by the market makers and allows them to enter their quotes and execute orders.Nasdaq Level I, Level II , Level III Quotes. daytrading.about.com.
The NASDAQ Stock Market Trading Sessions (Eastern Time)Nasdaq Trading Schedule. NASDAQ.
| Major United States stock market indices |
|---|
| Dow Jones Industrial Average (30 large stocks; popular indicator) · NYSE Composite Index (all companies on the NYSE) · Nasdaq Composite Index (all companies on the NASDAQ; technology-heavy) · NASDAQ-100 Index (100 large NASDAQ non-financial stocks) · S&P 500 Index (500 large companies; general market analysis) · Russell 2000 Index (small-cap stocks) · Wilshire 5000 Index (total U.S. market) |
| Stock market | |
|---|---|
| Types of stocks | Stock · Common stock · Preferred stock · Outstanding stock · Treasury stock |
| Participants | Market maker · Floor trader · Floor broker |
| Exchanges | Stock exchange · List of stock exchanges |
| Stock valuation | Gordon model · Dividend yield · Income per share · Book value · Earnings yield · Beta coefficient |
| Financial ratios | P/CF ratio · P/E ratio · PEG ratio · Price/sales ratio · P/B ratio · D/E ratio · ROIC · ROE |
| Trading theories | Dow Theory · Elliott Wave Theory · Fundamental analysis · Technical analysis · Mark Twain effect · January effect · Efficient market hypothesis · Arbitrage pricing theory |
| Related terms | Dividend · Stock split · Growth stock · Investment · Speculation · Trade · Day trading · Stock trader/investor · IPO |
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